英语中的12种时态(Tense),详细对比讲解
本文来对比一下英语中的12种时态,时态是指动词形式的变化,用来表示动作或状态发生的时间。它们告诉我们一个动作是过去、现在还是未来发生的,或者是已经完成还是正在进行中。
学英语时,我们常常听到“时态”这个词,它们让我们能够准确地表达动作发生的时间和状态。掌握时态并不难,只需要一点点耐心和练习。
时态的基本概念
时态是指动词形式的变化,用来表示动作或状态发生的时间。它们告诉我们一个动作是过去、现在还是未来发生的,或者是已经完成还是正在进行中。
12 种英语时态对照表
下面是英语中的 12 种时态表示,你可根据需要来对比参考:
时态 | 结构 | 用法 | 例句 |
一般现在时 (Present Simple) | 主语 + 动词原形 (第三人称单数动词加 -s 或 -es) | 习惯、事实和普遍真理 | She reads books every day. |
现在进行时 (Present Continuous) | 主语 + am/is/are + 动词的现在分词 (-ing 形式) | 正在进行的动作或近期的计划 | She is reading a book now. |
现在完成时 (Present Perfect) | 主语 + have/has + 动词的过去分词 | 过去发生的动作对现在的影响 | She has read that book already. |
现在完成进行时 (Present Perfect Continuous) | 主语 + have/has been + 动词的现在分词 | 从过去持续到现在的动作 | She has been reading for two hours. |
一般过去时 (Past Simple) | 主语 + 动词的过去式 | 过去明确时间点发生的动作 | She read that book yesterday. |
过去进行时 (Past Continuous) | 主语 + was/were + 动词的现在分词 | 过去某一时间正在进行的动作 | She was reading a book when I called. |
过去完成时 (Past Perfect) | 主语 + had + 动词的过去分词 | 过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作 | She had read that book before the meeting. |
过去完成进行时 (Past Perfect Continuous) | 主语 + had been + 动词的现在分词 | 过去某一时间之前已经进行了一段时间的动作 | She had been reading for an hour before dinner. |
一般将来时 (Future Simple) | 主语 + will + 动词原形 | 将来会发生的动作或状态 | She will read that book tomorrow. |
将来进行时 (Future Continuous) | 主语 + will be + 动词的现在分词 | 将来某一时间正在进行的动作 | She will be reading a book at this time tomorrow. |
将来完成时 (Future Perfect) | 主语 + will have + 动词的过去分词 | 将来某一时间之前已经完成的动作 | She will have read that book by next week. |
将来完成进行时 (Future Perfect Continuous) | 主语 + will have been + 动词的现在分词 | 将来某一时间之前已经进行了一段时间的动作 | She will have been reading for three hours by the time you arrive. |
下面是对英语中 12 种时态的进一步解释。
一般现在时 (Present Simple)
结构与构成: 主语 + 动词原形 (第三人称单数动词加 -s 或 -es)
- 例句: She reads books every day.
用法: 一般现在时用于描述习惯、事实和普遍真理。
- 示例: The sun rises in the east. (事实)
常见错误及纠正: 第三人称单数忘记加 -s 或 -es
- 错误: She read books every day.
- 正确: She reads books every day.
现在进行时 (Present Continuous)
结构与构成: 主语 + am/is/are + 动词的现在分词 (-ing 形式)
- 例句: She is reading a book now.
用法: 现在进行时用于描述正在进行的动作或近期的计划。
- 示例: I am meeting John tomorrow. (近期计划)
常见错误及纠正: 忘记使用动词的现在分词形式
- 错误: She is read a book now.
- 正确: She is reading a book now.
现在完成时 (Present Perfect)
结构与构成: 主语 + have/has + 动词的过去分词
- 例句: She has read that book already.
用法: 现在完成时用于描述过去发生的动作对现在的影响。
- 示例: I have lost my keys. (现在还没找到)
常见错误及纠正: 错误使用动词形式
- 错误: She has readed that book already.
- 正确: She has read that book already.
现在完成进行时 (Present Perfect Continuous)
结构与构成: 主语 + have/has been + 动词的现在分词
- 例句: She has been reading for two hours.
用法: 现在完成进行时用于描述一个从过去持续到现在的动作,并且这个动作可能还会继续。
- 示例: They have been working on this project for months.
常见错误及纠正: 忘记加 been
- 错误: She has reading for two hours.
- 正确: She has been reading for two hours.
一般过去时 (Past Simple)
结构与构成: 主语 + 动词的过去式
- 例句: She read that book yesterday.
用法: 一般过去时用于描述过去明确时间点发生的动作。
- 示例: I visited Paris last year.
常见错误及纠正: 错误使用动词形式
- 错误: She reads that book yesterday.
- 正确: She read that book yesterday.
过去进行时 (Past Continuous)
结构与构成: 主语 + was/were + 动词的现在分词
- 例句: She was reading a book when I called.
用法: 过去进行时用于描述过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
- 示例: I was watching TV at 8 PM yesterday.
常见错误及纠正: 忘记使用现在分词形式
- 错误: She was read a book when I called.
- 正确: She was reading a book when I called.
过去完成时 (Past Perfect)
结构与构成: 主语 + had + 动词的过去分词
- 例句: She had read that book before the meeting.
用法: 过去完成时用于描述在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作。
- 示例: They had left by the time we arrived.
常见错误及纠正: 错误使用动词形式
- 错误: She had readed that book before the meeting.
- 正确: She had read that book before the meeting.
过去完成进行时 (Past Perfect Continuous)
结构与构成: 主语 + had been + 动词的现在分词
- 例句: She had been reading for an hour before dinner.
用法: 过去完成进行时用于描述过去某一时间之前已经进行了一段时间的动作。
- 示例: They had been studying for hours before the test.
常见错误及纠正: 忘记使用现在分词形式
- 错误: She had been read for an hour before dinner.
- 正确: She had been reading for an hour before dinner.
一般将来时 (Future Simple)
结构与构成: 主语 + will + 动词原形
- 例句: She will read that book tomorrow.
用法: 一般将来时用于描述将来会发生的动作或状态。
- 示例: I will travel to Japan next year.
常见错误及纠正: 忘记使用 will
- 错误: She read that book tomorrow.
- 正确: She will read that book tomorrow.
将来进行时 (Future Continuous)
结构与构成: 主语 + will be + 动词的现在分词
- 例句: She will be reading a book at this time tomorrow.
用法: 将来进行时用于描述将来某一时间正在进行的动作。
- 示例: I will be working at 10 AM tomorrow.
常见错误及纠正: 忘记使用现在分词形式
- 错误: She will be read a book at this time tomorrow.
- 正确: She will be reading a book at this time tomorrow.
将来完成时 (Future Perfect)
结构与构成: 主语 + will have + 动词的过去分词
- 例句: She will have read that book by next week.
用法: 将来完成时用于描述在将来某一时间之前已经完成的动作。
- 示例: I will have finished the project by the deadline.
常见错误及纠正: 忘记使用过去分词形式
- 错误: She will have readed that book by next week.
- 正确: She will have read that book by next week.
将来完成进行时 (Future Perfect Continuous)
结构与构成: 主语 + will have been + 动词的现在分词
- 例句: She will have been reading for three hours by the time you arrive.
用法: 将来完成进行时用于描述在将来某一时间之前已经进行了一段时间的动作。
- 示例: I will have been studying for five years by next year.
常见错误及纠正: 忘记使用现在分词形式
- 错误: She will have been read for three hours by the time you arrive.
- 正确: She will have been reading for three hours by the time you arrive.